Robson classification of caesarean births: implications for reducing caesarean section rate in a private tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Background Caesarean section (CS) is a potentially lifesaving obstetric procedure. However, there are concerns about the rising CS rate in many countries of the world including Nigeria. The Ten-Group Robson classification system is presently recommended as an effective monitoring tool for comparing CS rates and identifying target groups for intervention aimed at reducing the rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cesarean section rate and the groups with the highest risk of CS at the obstetric unit of Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), using the Robson classification system. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 447 women who gave birth at the obstetric unit of BUTH between August 2020 and February 2022. Relevant information was retrieved from the delivery records of the study participants. Data were analyzed using the IBM-SPSS Statistics for Windows version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results The overall CS rate was 51.2%. Multiparous women with previous CS, single, cephalic, term (group 5); nulliparous women, single cephalic, term, with induced labour or pre-labour CS (group 2); women with preterm single cephalic, term (group 10); and single cephalic term multiparous women in spontaneous labour (group 3) were the largest contributors to CS rate accounting for 34.5%, 14.0%, 12.6%, and 10.0% respectively. The commonest indication for CS was previous CS (87; 38.0%), followed by poor progress in labour (24; 10.5%). Conclusions The CS rate in BUTH is high and Robson groups 5, 2 10 and 3 were the major contributors to this high rate. Interventions directed at reducing the first CS by improving management of spontaneous and induced labours; and strengthening clinical practice around encouraging vaginal birth after CS will have the most significant effect on reducing CS rate.