Application of Optical Wireless Communications in IoT Devices of Smart Grids within Smart Sustainable Cities: With Hybrid Perspectives to Metaverse & Quantum IoT

Proposed paper presents a novel hybrid subject in optical wireless communications (OWC) in contribution to IoT devices of smart grids within smart sustainable cities (SSC). OWC and IoT are among the noticeably developing fields being used in smart cities, e-commerce, and even e-health. Accordingly, their constructions are entirely investigated. Also, the Metaverse virtual world, its infrastructures, and applications are expressed to clarify the OWC, IoT applications, and perspectives inherited with this virtual world. Moreover, the important factor in IoT devices, SSCs, and the Metaverse is ultra-secure communication. To cover this subject, quantum technology, quantum cryptography, as well as, quantum key distribution (QKD), and quantum IoT (IoT) for much more secure communication between IoT devices are represented. As another methodology, quantum neural networks (QNN), and their application in secure communication of IoT, and OWC systems are explained. Finally, quantum-based systems were compared with other regular methods and concluded quantum technology-based systems can have the potential to be implemented with optical wireless communications (OWC), IoT devices, and artificial intelligence (AI) to increase the security, and efficiency of communications in IoT constructions of smart sustainable cities (SSCs) elements.