Distributed Dispatch of Multiple Energy Systems Considering Carbon Trading

As an integrated carrier of energy production, transmission, distribution, conversion, storage, and utilization, multiple energy systems (MESs) have significant low-carbon potential. This paper proposes a hierarchical distributed dispatch model of MESs considering carbon trading, which is composed of the lower autonomous operation level of each MES and the upper coordinated control level. Different carbon emission sources are considered, including combined heat and power (CHP) units, gas boilers, and power to gas (P2G) devices. The transactive control (TC) mechanism is used to solve the model by introducing a virtual price signal. In the case study based on a 3-MES system, the effectiveness of the proposed distributed method is proved by comparison with a centralized algorithm. Meanwhile, the impacts of different carbon prices on MESs with different resource endowments are analyzed from the aspects of scheduling results, carbon emissions, clean energy consumption rate, and comprehensive operating costs.