Allocation of Multi-Type Charging Equipment in Electric Vehicles Parking Lots Considering Avoidable Capacity Cost of Distribution Network

The lack of access to electric vehicle charging equipment (EVSE) significantly impedes the wide adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). The deployment of public EV parking lots (EVPLs) helps to tackle this issue by serving the charging demand of EV users with limited or no access to EVSE. Therefore, this paper presents a new planning model for grid-connected EVPLs aiming at determining the optimal number of uni-directional (UD) and bi-directional (BD) chargers to be installed in each EVPL. As distinguishable from the previously done research, the proposed method determines the number of installed BD chargers based on the benefits of the distribution network (DN) operator in terms of avoidable capacity costs. Numerical studies show the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing the feeder branches and substation upgrade costs required for accommodating the new EVPL load to the power system.