An Assessment of the Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Chinese Population Using Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Models

Background: Many studies have reported that bariatric surgery may reduce postoperative cardiovascular risk in patient with obesity, but few have addressed this risk in the Chinese population. Objective: To assess the impact of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the Chinese population using the World Health Organization (WHO) risk model, the Global risk model, and the Framingham Risk Score. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data collected on patient with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery at our institution between March 2009 and January 2021. Their demographic characteristics, anthropometric variables, and glucolipid metabolic parameters were assessed preoperatively and at their 1-year postoperative follow-up. Subgroup analysis compared body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m2 and BMI > 35 kg/m2, as well as gender. We used the 3 models to calculate their CVD risk. Results: We evaluated 61 patients, of whom 26 (42.62%) had undergone sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery and 35 (57.38%) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Of the patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2, 66.67% underwent SG, while 72.97% with BMI < 35 kg/m2 underwent RYGB. HDL levels were significantly higher at 12 months postoperatively relative to baseline. When the models were applied to calculate CVD risk in Chinese patients with obesity, the 1-year CVD risk after surgery were reduced lot compared with the preoperative period. Conclusion: Patient with obesity had significantly lower CVD risks after bariatric surgery. This study also demonstrates that the models are reliable clinical tools for assessing the impact of bariatric surgery on CVD risk in the Chinese population.