Solid-State Quad-Nanopore Array for High-resolution Single-Molecule Analysis and Discrimination.

The ability to detect and distinguish biomolecules at the single-molecule level is at the forefront of today's biomedicine and analytical chemistry research. Increasing the dwell time of individual biomolecules in the sensing spot can greatly enhance the sensitivity of single-molecule methods. This is particularly important in solid-state nanopore sensing, where the detection of small molecules is often limited by the transit dwell time and insufficient temporal resolution. Here, we introduce a quad-nanopore, a square array of four nanopores (with a space interval of 30-50 nm) to improve the detection sensitivity through electric field manipulation in the access region. We show that dwell times of short DNA strands (200 bp) are prolonged in quad-nanopores as compared to single nanopores of the same diameter. We also investigated the dependence of dwell times on the quad-pore spacing and found that the "retarding effect" increases with decreasing space intervals. Furthermore, we demonstrate ultra-short DNA (50 bp) detection using a 10 nm diameter quad-nanopore array, which is hardly detected by a single nanopore. Finally, the general utility of quad-nanopores has been verified by successful discrimination of two kinds of small molecules, metal-organic cage and bovine serum albumin (BSA). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.