Consumption frequencies of beverages and the hypertension risk in adults: a cohort study in China

Objective To explore the associations between the consumption frequencies of alcohol, tea and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and the hypertension risk among Chinese adults.Design A longitudinal study of the effect of beverage consumption on hypertension risk.Setting Nine provinces in China, including Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shandong and Henan.Participants The longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 2004 to 2015 were used. A total of 4427 participants from 9 provinces were included at baseline.Outcome First incidence of hypertension.Results During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1478 participants developed hypertension. Alcohol consumption more than twice a week in young men (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.18) or middle-aged men (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.87) was associated with a higher hypertension risk. Middle-aged women who consumed tea frequently (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.97), or young women who consumed SSBs less than once a week (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.67) had a lower risk of hypertension.Conclusions High-frequency alcohol consumption increased the risk of hypertension in men, and frequent tea consumption and low-frequency SSBs consumption were associated with lower risk of hypertension in women. Consumption frequency of beverages was also suggested to be considered in the prevention and control of hypertension.