Research Progress in Preparation and Application of Photonic Crystals

Photonic crystals are periodic structural materials that have an impact on the propagation properties of photons. Due to their excellent optical, electrical and magnetic properties, their advantages and potential for applications in the above areas are gradually emerging. Therefore, an increasing number of researchers have focused on photonic crystals. In this paper, the characteristics of biological photonic crystal structures, such as those found in butterfly wings, sea mouse bristles, peacock feathers, melon jellyfish epidermal cells, and weevil exoskeletons, are described. The preparation methods of photonic crystals are systematically summarized (including the template method, self-assembly technology, electron beam evaporation coating technology, chemical vapor deposition technology, femtosecond laser two-photon technology, spin coating technology, and a variety of technology mixing), and the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of the different methods are compared. Furthermore, the development of photonic crystals in the field of sensors, solar cells, filters, and infrared stealth is discussed, demonstrateing the great development potential of photonic crystals. It is concluded that the realization of photonic crystals with high precision, high sensitivity, angle independence, and large-area uniform preparation is a key problem requiring urgent solution. Moreover, photonic crystals have potential development prospects in the fields of equipment stealth, new concept weapons, production, an daily life.