High-power and low-cost sodium-ion batteries with a wide operation temperature from-70 degrees C to 130 degrees C

Low-cost sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising candidates for grid-scale energy-storage systems, and the wide-temperature operations of SIBs are highly demanded to accommodate extreme weather. Herein, a low-cost SIB is fabricated with a Na4Fe3(PO4)(2)P2O7 (NFPP) cathode, a natural graphite (NG) anode, and an ether-based electrolyte. The prepared NG//NFPP batteries deliver a long lifespan of 1000 cycles, high-power density of 5938 W/kg, and remarkable rate performance of 10 A/g with a high capacity retention of 60%. Benefiting from the solvent co-intercalation process of the NG anode and the high Na+ diffusion rate of the NFPP cathode, the NG//NFPP battery displays outstanding performance at -40 degrees C and even can work at an ultralow temperature of -70 degrees C. Furthermore, the high boiling point of the electrolytes and high thermal stability of the electrode materials also enable the high-temperature operation of the full battery up to 130 degrees C. This work will guide the design of the wide-temperature SIBs.