Development and Challenges of Pre-Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Pre-heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (Pre-HFpEF) is a critical link to the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Early recognition and early intervention of pre-HFpEF will halt the progression of HFpEF. This article addresses the concept proposal, development, and evolution of pre-HFpEF, the mechanisms and risks of pre-HFpEF, the screening methods to recognize pre-HFpEF, and the treatment of pre-HFpEF. Despite the challenges, we believe more focus on the topic will resolve more problems.