Suitability and Sustainability Assessment of Existing Onshore Wind Farms in Greece

Site selection for wind farm projects is a vital issue that should be considered in spatial energy planning. This study explores the deployment of onshore wind farms (OWFs) in Greece and assesses their suitability and sustainability using geographic information systems and multicriteria analysis techniques (the analytical hierarchy process-AHP and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution-TOPSIS). Their suitability is assessed in terms of seven exclusion criteria and constraints provided in the Specific Framework for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development for Renewable Energy Sources (SFSPSD-RES), while their sustainability is assessed in terms of nine environmental, technical-economic, and social assessment criteria in five different scenarios. The obtained results indicated that 81.4% of the existing wind farms are included within suitable areas and the highest percentage of improper siting refers to the installation of wind farms in sites that are within the boundaries of the Natura 2000 protected areas. The existing wind farms located in a part of Peloponnese, at the point bordering the Administrative Region (AR) of Attica, are characterized as more ideal in four out of five of the examined scenarios in the sustainability assessment. The proposed framework of this study is practical and effective in assessing the suitability and sustainability of existing wind farms in a country, and could contribute to spatial energy planning.