Introduction to special issue on software architectures for smart and adaptive systems (SASAS)

While continuous deployment is popular among web-based software development organizations, adopting continuous deployment in software-intensive system-of-systems is more challenging. On top of the challenges arising from deploying software to a single software-intensive embedded system, software-intensive system-of-systems (SiSoS) add a layer of complexity as new software undergoes an extensive field validation applied to individual components of the SiSoS, as well as the overall SiSoS, to ensure that both legacy and new functionalities are working as desired.This paper aims to study how SiSoS transitions to continuous deployment by exploring how continuous deployment impacts field testing and validation activities, how continuous deployment can be practiced in SiSoS, and to identify the success factors that companies need to consider when transitioning to continuous deployment.We conducted a case study at Ericsson AB focusing on the embedded software of the Third Generation Radio Access Network (3G RAN). The 3G RAN consists of two large-scale software-intensive embedded systems, representing a simple SiSoS composed of two systems. 3G RAN software was the first to transition to continuous deployment and is used as a reference case for other products within Ericsson AB.Software deployment, in addition to field testing and validation, have transitioned from being a discrete activity performed at the end of software development to a continuous process performed in parallel to software development. Further, our study reveals an orchestrating approach for software deployment, which allows pre/post validation of legacy behavior and new features in a shorter release and deployment cadence. Furthermore, we identified the essential success factors that organizations should consider when transitioning to continuous deployment.Transition to continuous deployment, in addition to field testing and validation, shall be considered and planned carefully. In this paper, we provide a set of success factors and orchestration technique that helps organization when transitioning to continuous deployment in the software-intensive embedded system-of-systems context.