Numerical investigation of nanofluid heat transfer in the wall cooling panels of an electric arc steelmaking furnace

Wall cooling panels are typically a kind of electric arc furnace equipment that has precisely influence on different aspects of the steelmaking process. This investigation employs a CFD method to evaluate the thermal performance of water cooling panels in real operating conditions to validate the numerical method followed by replacing cooling water with Al 2 O 3 /Water nanofluid coolant. The results are revealed that the high rate of receiving heat flux and generated vortexes with low-velocity cores lead to hot spots inducing on bends and elbows. In the operating flow rate, the maximum temperature of the hot-side wall decrease by 14.4% through increasing the nanoparticle concentration up to 5%, where the difference between maximum temperature and average temperature on the hot-side decrease to 12 degrees. According to the results, use of nanofluid coolant is a promising method to fade the hot spots out on the hot-side and gifting a lower and smoother temperature distribution on the panel walls of thereby prolonging the usage period of panels.