Advances of sulfide-type solid-state batteries with negative electrodes: Progress and perspectives

All-solid-state battery (ASSB) technology is the focus of considerable interest owing to their safety and the fact that their high energy density meets the requirements of emerging battery applications, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESSs). In light of this, current research on high-energy ASSBs harnesses the benefits of solid-state battery systems by employing anode materials with high energy densities. Owing to the excellent physical safety of solid electrolytes, it is possible to build a battery with high energy density by using high-energy negative electrode materials and decreasing the amount of electrolyte in the battery system. Sulfide-based ASSBs with high ionic conductivity and low physical contact resistance is recently receiving considerable attention. This review provides a summary on various anode materials for ASSBs operating under electrochemically reducing conditions from the perspective of electrochemical and physical safety. The electrochemical and physical properties of sulfide electrolytes used for lithium (Li) metal and particle-type anode materials are presented, as well as strategies for mitigating interfacial failures in solid-state cells through interlayer and electrode design.