Colorimetric parameters for bloodstain characterization by smartphone

AbstractThis smartphone colorimetry investigated RGB (red, green and blue), HSV (hue, saturation and value of brightness) and CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow and key) color parameters for characterizing bloodstains. Blood samples, separately deposited on cotton cloths and tissue papers, were analyzed by the ‘Colorimeter X’ application on an iPhone XR after 1, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days. The reductions in RGB and V values recorded by the smartphone application are consistent with darker bloodstain over time. Bloodstain colors are sensitive to the substrate and person-to-person variation, but a similar correlation with time could be established by a linear least squares fitting. With the highest coefficient of determination averaged from four samples, the V value is the most effective parameter for describing bloodstain ageing. For other color spaces, the R and K almost match the V value in measuring the bloodstains. Because these three values may be susceptible to the deviation in the measurement, the B value is suggested as an additional parameter in the bloodstain characterization. This small-scale study demonstrates the potential of colorimetric parameters in an on-site analysis by a cost-effective smartphone.