Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 results: Cosmology from galaxy clustering and weak lensing with HSC and SDSS using the emulator based halo model

We present cosmology results from a blinded joint analysis of cosmic shear, xi(+/-)(nu ), galaxy-galaxy weak lensing, Delta Sigma(R), and projected galaxy clustering, w(p)(R ), measured from the Hyper Suprime-Cam three-year (HSC-Y3) shape catalog and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR11 spectroscopic galaxy catalog-a 3 x 2 pt cosmology analysis. We define luminosity-cut, and therefore nearly volume-limited, samples of SDSS galaxies to serve as the tracers of w(p) and as the lens samples for Delta Sigma in three spectroscopic redshift bins spanning the range 0.15 < z < 0.7. For the xi(+/-) and Delta Sigma measurements, we use a single sample of about seven million source galaxies over 416 deg(2), selected from HSC-Y3 based on having photometric redshifts (photo-z) greater than 0.75. The deep, high-quality HSC-Y3 data enable significant detections of the Delta Sigma signals, with integrated signal-to-noise ratio S/N similar to 24 in the range 3 <= R /[h(-1) Mpc ]<= 30 over the three lens samples. xi(+/-) has S/N similar to 19 in the range 8' <= nu <= 50' and 30' <= nu <= 150' for xi(+) and xi(-), respectively. For cosmological parameter inference, we use the Dark Emulator package, combined with a halo occupation distribution prescription for the relation between galaxies and halos, to model w(p) and Delta Sigma down to quasinonlinear scales, and we estimate cosmological parameters after marginalizing over nuisance parameters. In our baseline analysis we employ an uninformative flat prior of the residual photo-z error, given by Pi (Delta z(ph))=U (-1 ,1) , to model a residual bias in the mean redshift of HSC source galaxies. Comparing the relative lensing amplitudes for Delta Sigma in the three redshift bins and for xi(+/-) with the single HSC source galaxy sample allows us to calibrate the photo-z parameter Delta z(ph) to the precision of sigma (Delta z(ph)) similar or equal to 0.09. With these methods, we obtain a robust constraint on the cosmological parameters for the flat Lambda CDM model: S-8 = sigma(8)(Omega(m)/0.3)(0.5) = 0.763(-0.036)(+0.040), or the best-constrained parameter given by S-8'=sigma(8)(Omega(m)/0.3)(0.22)=0.721 +/- 0.028 , determined with about 4% fractional precision. Based on multidimensional tension metrics, HSC-Y3 data exhibits about 2.5 sigma tension with the cosmological constraint inferred by Planck for the Lambda CDM model, and hints at a nonzero residual photo-z bias implying that the true mean redshift of the HSC galaxies at z greater than or similar to 0.75 is higher than that implied by the original photo-z estimates.