Ecotoxicological methods to evaluate the toxicity of bio-based fertilizer application to agricultural soils – A review

A multitude of possible contaminants can be contained in bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) because of their complex matrix. The chemical characterization of BBFs is a challenging analytical task. Therefore, it is important for sustainable agricultural production to develop standard procedures to assess new bio-based fertilizers for possible hazards related to their application in order to guarantee their safety for soils organisms, plants and the environment.