Optical Advanced Hybrid Phase Shift Approach for RF Beamforming and 5G Wideband Radar.

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems combined with Phased shifted antenna array or smart antenna technologies are expected to play a key role in next generation wireless communication systems and for wideband radar applications. In this paper, a phase shift-based beamforming network for microwave applications is discussed. The main purpose of this comparative study is to discuss the state of-the-art research about the most advantageous types of Phased shifted antenna array techniques. In addition, it aims at highlighting the importance of these techniques in massive MIMO systems for mitigating against numerous technical implementation issues particularly the problem of beamsquint over wide bandwidths. Finally, a hybrid structure of optical phase shifter is proposed which is based on the combination of True Time Delay (TTD) and Phase Shift (PS) techniques that can provide the highest performance in terms of throughput as it reduces intra- and inter-cell interference.