Traffic Light Optimization of an Intersection: A Portuguese Case Study.

Smart cities aim to rise strategies that reduce issues caused by the urban population growth and fast urbanization. Thus, traffic light optimization emerges as an important option for urban traffic management. The main goal of this study is to improve traffic light management at a specific intersection, in the City of Guimaraes (Portugal), where high-intensity traffic and an active pedestrian area were observed, generating traffic queues. To achieve the goals, a simulation-based optimization strategy using the Particle Swarm Optimization combined with the Simulation of Urban Mobility software was used to minimize the average waiting time of the vehicles by determining the optimal value of the traffic light cycle. The computational results showed it is possible to decrease by 78.2% the average value of the waiting time. In conclusion, by better managing the traffic light cycle time, traffic flow without congestion or queues can be achieved.