Pigmentation-based Visual Learning for Salvelinus fontinalis Individual Re-identification.

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is a freshwater fish species of ecological, economic, and cultural importance in eastern North America. Estimating the abundance, movement, and survival of brook trout in the wild is an important task for environmental management, and current methods often involve physical tagging or collection of DNA samples for each of the fish as their unique identifier. However, this process is expensive and inefficient. Meanwhile, although deep learning methods have proven effective for individual recognition of humans, it remains challenging to apply this system to wildlife biology due to fewer available images, different biometric patterns, and relatively poor image quality. In this paper, we develop a framework to automate the process of individual recognition of brook trout. Distinguished from simply adopting traditional feature descriptors (e.g., SIFT and HOG) or using deep neural networks on the raw images, our framework utilizes multiple modalities consisting of the region of interest and gray-scaled pigmentation patterns. We use these multiple modality features in a Convolutional Neural network to generate feature vectors as fish descriptors. These descriptors are then used to distinguish individual brook trout by ranking their relative distance in latent space. Our experimental framework demonstrates better results than baseline methods such as SIFT and HOG while being more robust to distortions characteristic of large imagery datasets collected through crowdsourcing and citizen science.