Residual stresses of explosively welded bimetal studied by hard X-ray diffraction

Geothermal heat from the Earth`s crust is a source of natural and renewable energy. This energy can be extracted and used for generating electricity and heating of houses in the winter months. However, in order to extract energy from a well, we need to use material that can sustain contact with geothermal steam and is resistant to corrosion of the geothermal fluid and non-condensing gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2), chloride ions (Cl−), and hydrogen fluoride (HF). An interesting alternative to today's materials are bimetals, composed of two different materials where the layer in contact with the aggressive environment is made of a noble material, while the outer layer (typically low-carbon steel) strengthens the composite and additionally provides good weldability.