A "Perspectival" Mirror of the Elephant: Investigating Language Bias on Google, ChatGPT, YouTube, and Wikipedia
arxiv(2023)
摘要
Contrary to Google Search's mission of delivering information from "many
angles so you can form your own understanding of the world," we find that
Google and its most prominent returned results - Wikipedia and YouTube - simply
reflect a narrow set of culturally dominant views tied to the search language
for complex topics like "Buddhism," "Liberalism," "colonization," "Iran" and
"America." Simply stated, they present, to varying degrees, distinct
information across the same search in different languages, a phenomenon we call
language bias. This paper presents evidence and analysis of language bias and
discusses its larger social implications. We find that our online searches and
emerging tools like ChatGPT turn us into the proverbial blind person touching a
small portion of an elephant, ignorant of the existence of other cultural
perspectives. Language bias sets a strong yet invisible cultural barrier
online, where each language group thinks they can see other groups through
searches, but in fact, what they see is their own reflection.
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