A review of hydrogen embrittlement in gas transmission pipeline steels

Hydrogen transport by blending hydrogen into natural gas transmission pipelines and by pure-hydrogen pipelines is a prospective mode of energy transmission during the transition to renewables. The risk of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in pipeline steels must first be quantified to ensure safe pipeline operation. This review provides an overview of HE in pipeline steels. Most pipeline steels have reduced ductility when exposed to hydrogen partial pressures of 100 bar and above. Higher-strength pipeline steels (X80 and X100) have been found to undergo HE at similar to 50 bar hydrogen. Hydrogen-induced subcritical crack growth in pipeline steels has not been reported in the literature. There are few articles on HE in pipeline welds, with some indications that the weld is more susceptible to HE, and some indications that it is less. The relationship between hydrogen pressure and absorbed hydrogen concentration has not been evaluated. Gaps in knowledge are identified in the conclusions.