Possible role of CNS microRNAs in Human Mpox virus encephalitis—a mini-review

In May 2022, a re-emerging viral pathogen belonging to the Poxviridae was first reported from the UK, and WHO confirmed the outbreak after the prevalence of the disease increased. As of February 15, 2023, more than 85,000 confirmed cases have been recorded in 110 countries. Due to the spread of the virus across multiple countries, WHO declared the mpox outbreak as a public health emergency. Human mpox virus is an enveloped virus with a linear double-stranded DNA that can cause encephalitis with neurological complications such as pharyngitis, fever, anorexia, adenopathy, vesiculopapular rash, and headache. Dysregulation of microRNAs in viral encephalitis has been reported in a variety of documents. In this mini-review, we aim to discuss the possibility of CNS-related microRNA dysregulation in mpox-related encephalitis.