Appropriate antibiotic therapy is a predictor of outcome in patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia blood stream infection in the intensive care unit

Background/purpose: The study was to assess the relationship between antibiotic therapy and the outcome in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with Stenotrophomonas malto-philia bloodstream infection (BSI).Methods: ICU patients with monomicrobial S. maltophilia BSI from January 2004 to December 2019 were included and divided into two groupsdthose with-and without appropriate anti-biotic therapy after BSIdfor comparison. The primary outcome was the relationship between appropriate antibiotic therapy and 14-day mortality. The secondary outcome was the influence of different antibiotic therapies: levofloxacin-and trimethoprimesulfamethoxazole (TMP/ SMX)-containing regimens, on 14-day mortality.Results: A total of 214 ICU patients were included. Patients received appropriate antibiotic therapy (n = 133) after BSI had a lower 14-day mortality than those (n = 81) without appro-priate antibiotic therapy (10.5% vs. 46.9%, p < 0.001). No difference on 14-day mortality be-tween groups of patients by time of appropriate antibiotic therapy was observed (p > 0.05). After a propensity score matching, the results is consistent that 14-day mortality were lower in patients with appropriate antibiotic therapy than those without appropriate antibiotic ther-apy (11.5% vs. 39.3%, p < 0.001). Among patients with S. maltophilia BSI receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy, there was a trend levofloxacin-containing regimens is associated with lower mortality than TMP/SMX-containing regimens (HR 0.233, 95% CI 0.050-1.084, p Z 0.063).Conclusion: Appropriate antibiotic therapy was associated with decreased 14-day mortality in ICU patients with S. maltophilia BSI regardless of time. Levofloxacin-containing regimens may be better choice than TMP/SMX-containing regimens in treating ICU patients with S. maltophi-lia BSI.Copyright (c) 2023, Taiwan Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).