Study on the creep properties and crack propagation behavior of single-fissure sandstone based on the damage bond model

•The creep deformation and failure modes of sandstone with a single fissure are studied.•A new creep model (the damage bond model, DBM) for Particle Flow Code is proposed.•The regularity of crack propagation in the three interpreted creep stages is studied.•The time effect of sandstone failure modes is analyzed with the DBM.