The regulatory role of miRNA towards expressed genes in the pathogenesis of gout: A review

Gout is inflammatory arthritis that affects joints with monosodium urate (MSU) crystal globally, often in men compared to women. Urate-related genes have been shown to play a role in the transportation and excretion of serum urate, affecting the level of uric acid and the development of gout. miRNA and mRNA have been known to regulate the function of immune and inflammatory response, thus influencing the onset or progression of diseases that include gouty arthritis. miRNA and mRNA also could help in the diagnosis and treatment in diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the emerging evidence of the roles of mRNA and miRNA in development of gout as putative target biomarkers. GWAS have demonstrated 28 gene loci that relate to uric acid and the top three genes are SLC2A9, SLC22A12 and ABCG2. While miRNA plays a role in proliferation, apoptosis and other life processes which important in translation of mRNA gene expression. Some evidences demonstrated miR-146a target TRAF6, miR-155 target SHIP-1 and miR-34a target SLC22A12. Discovering expressed genes and miRNA related to gout or arthritis as potential biomarkers may help to understand their functions and may provide insights to overcome the intolerance to treatment based on personalized medicine.