Experimental study on the discharge coefficient of perforation behaviors during hydraulic fracturing treatments

The discharge coefficient (Cd) affects the perforation pressure drop during the hydraulic fracturing treatments. Given the changes in completion procedures, especially with horizontal wells, this absence of research on the Cd value indicates that many times over-simplification of the term is applied in practice. The research outlined in this paper focuses solely on the Cd term and the various conditions that are encountered downhole and the resulting impacts on perforation friction.