Sintering characteristics, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties of non-stoichiometric BaMg 2 V 2+ x O 8 (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.16) ceramics

BaMg 2 V 2+ x O 8 (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.16) ceramics with high quality factors were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method at 850–925 °C, which can meet the LTCC technology. The effects of non-stoichiometric V 5+ ions on sintering characteristics, phase composition, microstructure, as well as on microwave dielectric properties have been analyzed. All ceramic samples synthesized with different non-stoichiometric ratios of V 5+ ions had a single tetragonal structure phase which belonged to the I41/acd (142) space group. The τ f value of BaMg 2 V 2+ x O 8 (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.16) ceramics was adjusted without deteriorating Q × f value by adding excessive V 5+ ions, and Q × f value was found to correlate with relative density and the average lattice energy of V–O bonds while the τ f value correlating with the total bond energy. The BaMg 2 V 2.12 O 8 ceramics sintered at 900 °C showed an optimal Q × f value of 141, 014 GHz, with ε_r of 12.4 and τ f of − 14.25 ppm/°C.