Electrochemical detection of boric acid using gallacetophenonato-( β -diketonato) ruthenium complex in water

A simple and practical method for boron detection in water is desired in various fields such as seawater desalination, water conservation, and plant production. To develop a method for detecting boron as boric acid in water, we synthesized [Ru(acac) 2 (H 2 thap)] (acac = acetylacetonat ion, thap = 2’,3’,4’-trihydroxyacetophenonate (gallacetophenonate) ion) possessing a cis -diol moiety that interacts with boric acid. A comparison of UV–visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra measured in the presence and absence of boric acid at various pH values revealed that [Ru(acac) 2 (H 2 thap)] shows the highest response to boric acid at pH 8.5. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and differential pulse voltammograms (DPVs) of [Ru(acac) 2 (H 2 thap)] aqueous solution at pH 8.5 with varying boric acid concentrations showed a decrease in the peak current value at 0.032 V ( vs. Ag|AgClaq.) and an increase in the peak current value at 0.444 V with increasing boric acid concentration. On the basis of the relationship between the ratio of current values (at 0.032 V and 0.444 V) and boric acid concentrations, the binding constant (assuming a 1:1 binding model) for the interaction between [Ru(acac) 2 (H 2 thap)] and boric acid was estimated to be 135.1 ± 9.1 mol −1 dm 3 , and the Limit of Detection (LOD) was calculated to be 1.03 mg B L −1 . Graphical abstract