Clinical utility of abbreviated breast MRI based on diffusion tensor imaging in patients underwent breast conservative therapy

Purpose To evaluate the added value of the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters to abbreviated breast MRI protocol in differentiating recurrent breast cancer from post-operative changes in cases of breast conservative surgery (BCS). Methods This prospective study was approved by our institutional review board. Written informed consent was obtained in all patients. 47 female patients (mean age, 49 years; range, 32–66 years) that previously underwent breast conservative surgery with a palpable mass were included in this study (62 breast lesions). Two abbreviated MRI protocols were compared using 1.5 Tesla MRI, AB-MRI 1 (axial T1, T2, pre-contrast T1, 1st post-contrast and subtracted images) and AB-MRI 2 (same sequences plus adding DTI). In both protocols, the wash-in rate was calculated. Histopathology was used as the standard of reference. Appropriate statistical tests were used to assess sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for each protocol. Results The mean total acquisition time was of 6 min for AB-MRI 1 and 10 min for AB-MRI 2 protocols while the mean interpretation time was of 57.5 and 75 s, respectively. Among analyzed DTI parameters, MD (mean diffusivity) showed the highest sensitivity (96.43%) and specificity (91.18%) ( P value = < 0.001). FA (fractional anisotropy), AD (axial diffusivity) and RD (radial diffusivity) showed sensitivity = (78.57%, 82.14% and 85.71%), specificity = (88.24, 85.29% and 79.41%), respectively, P value (< 0.001). Conclusion DTI may be included in abbreviated MRI protocols without a significant increase in acquisition time and with the advantage of increasing specificity and clinical utility in the characterization of post-conservative breast lesions.