The use of Traditional Medicines for Sexual Enhancement in Northern Nigeria

Background There is a paucity of information on the use of traditional medicine TM to improve sexual performance. This study aims to assess the prevalence and self-reported adverse effects associated with the use of TM as a sexual enhancer in northern Nigeria. Methods The study was a cross-sectional design among adults aged 18 years and above, who are residing in northern Nigeria. A mixed-mode approach was utilized using face-to-face interviews and an online survey. For the online survey, a link to the questionnaire was shared on the social media platforms of the targeted participants. Results A total of 794 eligible participants completed the survey over the six weeks. Of this number, 508 reported ever using TM for sexual enhancement, with a prevalence of 64% (95% CI: 60.5, 67.3). About 30 (3.8%) reported daily use, 49 (4.9%) weekly, 65 (8.2%) monthly and 473 (59.6%) as when needed. Islamic medicine was the most frequently implicated TM. Most respondents obtained it TM practitioners 213 (26.8%). Participants 164 (20.7%) reported experiencing side effects, mostly headaches 59 (35.9%), and 31 (3.9%) were severe (required hospitalization). Predictors of TM use for sexual enhancement were found to be gender, marital status, number of wives, ethnicity, educational level, and lifestyle. Conclusion The use of TM for sexual enhancement is common among the adult population in northern Nigeria. One out of five of the users reported an adverse event. Therefore, there is a need for improved awareness of the safe use of the TM in the community, especially among females, those with multiple wives, a low education level, and poor lifestyles.