Investigation of predictors for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

Patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) had been confirmed to have immune dysfunction and were prone to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which was directly related to the increased mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors for IPA in SFTS patients, and the results were expected to be helpful for early identification of IPA and initiation of anti-fungal therapy. The study was performed to review laboratory confirmed SFTS patients in two tertiary hospitals in Shandong province (Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Shandong Public Health Clinical Center) from April 2021 to August 2022. The enrolled patients were further divided into IPA group and non-IPA group. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters between IPA group and non-IPA group patients were analyzed and compared to identify the independent predictors for IPA by univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of independent predictors were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In total, 67 SFTS patients were enrolled with an average age of 64.7 (± 8.4) years old. The incidence of IPA was 32.8% (22/67). Mortality of patients in IPA group was 27.3% (6/22), which was significantly higher than that in non-IPA group. Results of univariate analysis showed that uncontrolled diabetes, central nervous system symptoms, platelet < 40 × 10 9 /L, CD4 + T cell < 300/μL and CD8 + T cell < 400/μL were risk factors for development of IPA. These factors were further analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis and the results indicated that uncontrolled diabetes, platelet < 40 × 10 9 /L, CD4 + T cell < 300/μL and CD8 + T cell < 400/μL could be recognized as independent predictors for IPA in SFTS patients. In conclusion, IPA is a serious complication for SFTS patients and increases mortality. It is necessary to early identify predictors of IPA for improving survival of SFTS patients.