Automated postural asymmetry assessment in infants neurodevelopmental evaluation using novel video-based features

Background and Objective: Neurodevelopmental assessment enables the identification of infant devel-opmental disorders in the first months of life. Thus, the appropriate therapy can be initiated promptly, increasing the chances for correct motor function. Posture asymmetry is one of the crucial aspects evalu-ated during the diagnosis. Available diagnostic methods are mainly based on qualitative assessment and subjective expert opinion. Current trends in computer-aided diagnosis focus mostly on analyzing infants' spontaneous movement videos using artificial intelligence methods, based primarily on limbs movement. This study aims to develop an automatic method for determining the infant's positional asymmetry in a video recording using computer image processing methods. Methods: We made the first attempt to deter-mine positional preferences in a recording automatically. We proposed six quantitative features describing trunk and head position based on pose estimation. As a result of our algorithm, we estimate the percent-age of each trunk position in a recording using known machine learning methods. The training and test sets were created from 51 recordings collected during our research and 12 recordings from the bench-mark dataset evaluated by five of our experts. The method was assessed using the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation method for ground truth video fragments and different classifiers. Log loss for multi -class classification and ROC AUC were determined to evaluate the results for both our and benchmark datasets. Results: In a classification of the shortened side, the QDA classifier yields the most accurate results, gaining the lowest log loss of 0.552 and AUC of 0.913. The high accuracy (92.03) and sensitiv-ity (93.26) confirm the method's potential in screening for asymmetry. Conclusions: The method allows obtaining quantitative information about positional preference, a valuable extension of basic diagnostics without additional tools and procedures. In combination with an analysis of limbs movement, it may constitute one of the elements of a novelty computer-aided infants' diagnosis system in the future.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.