Quasiparticle Dynamics in Epitaxial Al-InAs Planar Josephson Junctions

Quasiparticle (QP) effects play a significant role in the coherence and fidelity of superconducting quantum circuits. The Andreev bound states of high-transparency Josephson junctions can act as low-energy traps for QPs, providing a mechanism for studying the dynamics and properties of both the QPs and the junction. Using locally injected and thermal QPs, we study QP loss and QP poisoning in epitaxial Al-InAs Josephson junctions incorporated in a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) galvanically shorting a superconducting resonator to ground. We observe changes in the resonance line shape and frequency shifts consistent with QP trapping into and clearing out of the ABSs of the junctions when the junctions are phase biased. By monitoring the QP trapping and clearing mechanisms in time, we find a time scale of O(1 mu s) for these QP dynamics, consistent with the presence of phonon-mediated QP-QP interactions. Our measurements suggest that electron-phonon interactions play a significant role in the relaxation mechanisms of our system, while electron-photon interactions and electron-phonon interactions govern the clearing mechanisms. Our results highlight the QP-induced dissipation and complex QP dynamics in superconducting quantum circuits fabricated on superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures.