Distinct differences in immunological properties of equine orthobiologics revealed by functional and transcriptomic analysis using an activated macrophage readout system.

These findings, representing the first comprehensive look at immune response pathways for popular equine OTs, reveal distinct differences between therapies. These studies address a critical gap in our understanding of the relative immunomodulatory properties of regenerative therapies commonly used in equine practice to treat musculoskeletal disease and will serve as a platform from which further comparisons may build.