A retrospective cohort study on the cardiotoxicity incidence rates of immune checkpoint inhibitors for oncology patients.

We identified 407 patients who were eligible to participate in this study. We defined the three treatment groups as follows: ICI therapy, ICI combined with chemotherapy, and ICI combined with targeted therapy. Using ICI therapy as a reference group, the cardiotoxicity risk was not significantly higher compared to the ICI combined with chemotherapy group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.2-21.1, p = 0.528] or to the ICI combined with targeted therapy group (aHR 1.2, 95% CI 0.1-9.2, p = 0.883). The total incidence rate of cardiotoxicity was 3.6/100 person-years, indicating an average incidence time of 1.0 ± 1.3 years (median: 0.5 years; range: 0.1-4.7 years) for 18 cardiotoxicity patients.