Robotic revision surgery after failed Nissen anti-reflux surgery: a single center experience and a literature review

Background The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) worldwide prevalence is increasing maybe due to population aging and the obesity epidemic. Nissen fundoplication is the most common surgical procedure for GERD with a failure rate of approximately 20% which might require a redo surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of robotic redo procedures after anti-reflux surgery failure including a narrative review. Methods We reviewed our 15-year experience from 2005 to 2020 including 317 procedures, 306 for primary, and 11 for revisional surgery. Results Patients included in the redo series underwent primary Nissen fundoplication with a mean age of 57.6 years (range, 43–71). All procedures were minimally invasive and no conversion to open surgery was registered. The meshes were used in five (45.45%) patients. The mean operative time was 147 min (range, 110–225) and the mean hospital stay was 3.2 days (range, 2–7). At a mean follow-up of 78 months (range, 18–192), one patient suffered for persistent dysphagia and one for delayed gastric emptying. We had two (18.19%) Clavien–Dindo grade IIIa complications, consisting of postoperative pneumothoraxes treated with chest drainage. Conclusion Redo anti-reflux surgery is indicated in selected patients and the robotic approach is safe when it is performed in specialized centers, considering its surgical technical difficulty.