One-Step Electrodeposition of Multi-element Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanocoating Leading to Enhanced Cytocompatible and Antibacterial Properties of Titanium Implants

The introduction of trace elements into hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been widely used for antimicrobial and biocompatible modification of metal implants. In this study, a multifunctional coating of HA co-doped with Cu2+, Zn2+, Sr2+ and F- (CuZnSrFHA) was synthesized on titanium substrate by one-step electrodeposition technology. The CuZnSrFHA consisted of nanoscale needle-like crystals with low roughness and poor hydrophilicity. However, it can continuously release Cu2+, Zn2+ and Sr2+ within 14 days while maintaining good physiological stability. Based on the synergistic effect of Cu and Zn, the CuZnSrFHA coating showed some inhibitory effect on E. coli and S. aureus. Furthermore, the CuZnSrFHA was not significantly cytotoxic and promoted early adhesion and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts. In conclusion, the multi-element co-doped CuZnSrFHA coating was expected to be a novel surface modification material for the prevention of infectious bone defects.