Millimeter-Wave Pulsed Heating in Vitro: Effect of Pulse Duration
IEEE JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETICS RF AND MICROWAVES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY(2023)
摘要
The aim of this work is to compare the response of A375 melanoma cells following 90 min of exposure to trains of 1.5 or 6 s millimeter-waves (MMW)-induced thermal pulses with the same temperature dynamics. Phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and activation of cleaved Caspase-3 were used as markers of cellular stress and apoptosis, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to observe and precisely quantify the cellular response as a function of the spatial distribution within the exposed area. Results show that cellular response was stronger when cells were exposed to a train of 1.5 s compared to 6 s heat pulses despite the same average temperature dynamics. Cellular apoptosis induced by 1.5 s pulses was about 50% greater compared to the one induced by 6 s pulses in the area of maximal thermal stress. Similarly, HSP27 phosphorylation was approximately 20% stronger than the one induced by 6 s pulses, and mainly focused within a small area of a few mm(2). Cellular response to MMW induced by pulsed heating does not only depend on the peak, average, and minimum temperature. It is a function of combination of the pulse parameters, including duration, peak power, and period. MMW-induced heat pulses can be efficiently used to induce cellular stress and apoptosis in melanoma cells as a promising innovative tool for the treatment of superficial skin cancer. Adaptative therapies might be envisaged by tuning the pulse shape as a function of the desired effect.
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关键词
Heating systems,Temperature measurement,Electromagnetic heating,Temperature distribution,Proteins,Melanoma,Electric shock,Caspase 3,heat pulses,hyperthermia,HSP27,melanoma,millimeter waves (MMW),in vitro experiments
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