Alpha-Mangostin Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation in Human Dental Pulp Cells

Xanthones are secondary metabolites isolated from the peel of mangosteen showing medicinal potencies. Alpha-mangostin (alpha-MG) is the most plentiful xanthone, which has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial activities. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of xanthones on LPS-treated hDPCs. Cell viability was determined using the WST-1 assay. The mRNA and protein expression profiles of inflammatory mediators were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed using the Western blot analysis to examine underlying mechanisms. A one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The study found no significant differences between the cytotoxic effects in the alpha-MG-treated groups and controls. The mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory markers in the alpha-MG treated groups decreased. alpha-MG significantly inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of proteins associated with the MAPK and NF-kappa B pathways. This study suggests that alpha-MG exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the MAPK and NF-kappa B signaling pathways in LPS-treated hDPCs.