Superior capsular reconstruction using hybrid graft for irreparable massive rotator cuff tear

Purpose To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) using hybrid grafts composed of tensor fascia lata autografts and human dermal allografts. Methods This study included 30 patients with chronic irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears (RCTs) who underwent arthroscopic SCR using a hybrid graft composed of tensor fascia lata autograft and human dermal allograft. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the pain visual analogue scale score, shoulder range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, constant score, University of California–Los Angeles score, and simple shoulder test score preoperatively and at least 2 years after surgery. Radiographic analysis included the Hamada classification grade, acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and graft integrity at 2 years after surgery. Results All patients exhibited significant clinical improvement in all functional outcome measurements, except external rotation (all P < 0.05). The number of patients who exhibited pseudoparalysis decreased from 7 (23.3%) to 2 (6.7%) postoperatively. Complications were not observed. Radiologically, the mean postoperative AHD increased significantly from 6.9 ± 1.6 cm to 8.8 ± 2.1 cm at 2 years postoperatively ( P < 0.001). Twenty five out of the 30 (83.3%) patients showed successful graft healing, and all healing failures occurred on the humeral side. The differences between the healed-graft and failed-graft groups were significantly lower graft thickness ( P = 0.001) and smaller AHD ( P < 0.001) in the failed-graft group. Every functional outcome scores were not statistically different between healed-graft and failed-graft groups. Conclusions An arthroscopic SCR technique using a hybrid graft consisting of a tensor fascia lata autograft and human dermal allograft showed satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with irreparable RCTs. Level of evidence IV.