Plant selection for pollinator restoration in seminatural ecosystems

Individual plant species play valuable roles in meeting restoration goals for pollinators. However, the selection of plant species for pollinator restoration is rarely informed using empirical evidence and is usually developed in agroecosystems, which experience frequent human interventions to ensure plant success as compared to seminatural ecosystems. We highlight concepts and future research needs to design planting mixes that fulfill the ecological requirements of pollinators in seminatural ecosystems. Native plants that are attractive to pollinators, increase the stability of pollination services, and provide consistent floral resources across the landscape and growing season should be prioritized in pollinator restoration projects in seminatural ecosystems. Furthermore, condensing criteria of desirable plant traits into a composite score can aid managers in selecting plant species that meet restoration goals. Developing restoration strategies for pollinators on seminatural lands is important for preserving organisms essential for biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem function.