Strain and charge contributions to the magnetoelectric coupling in Fe3O4/PMN-PT artificial multiferroic heterostructures

The quest to realize new kinds of data storage devices has motivated recent studies in the field of magnetoelectric heterostructures. One of the most commonly investigated systems is Fe3O4/[Pb(Mg 1/3 2/3) 3](0.7)-[PbTiO3](0.3) (PMN-PT), however, the interplay between different coupling mechanisms is not yet well understood. To disentangle the role of strain and polarisation influence in Fe3O4/PMN-PT, we report on magnetoelectric coupling measurements for different orientations of the applied magnetic field and for two different substrate cuts, PMN-PT(001) and PMN-PT(011). For Fe3O4/PMN-PT(011), having the sample aligned such that the magnetic field is parallel to the [01 1 over line 3O(4)/PMN-PT(001), the magnetoelectric effect is a superposition of the observed behaviour of both in-plane directions in Fe3O4/PMN-PT(011). The magnetisation shows an initial remanent increase followed by a butterfly like loop. Polarised neutron reflectometry measurements on Fe3O4/PMN-PT(011) shows no difference between the behaviour at the interface and the bulk of the film and no decline of the interaction further away from the shared interface. Our results demonstrate the role of strain and polarisation on the magnetisation of the Fe3O4 layer and provide a clear step towards the design of future magnetoelectric systems.