Simultaneous quantitation of free fatty acid in rice by synergetic data fusion of colorimetric sensor arrays, NIR, and MIR spectroscopy

This study evaluated the feasibility of colorimetric sensor array (CSA), near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for quantitation of free fatty acids in rice using data fusion. Purposely, different data sets of low-level (CSA-NIRLL, CSA-MIRLL, and NIR-MIRLL) and mid-level (CSA-NIRML, CSA-MIRML, and NIR-MIRML) fusion were adopted to enhance the statistical parameters. The model performance was evaluated using coefficient of determination for prediction, (R2p), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and residual predictive deviation (RPD). Synergetic low-level and mid-level fusion model yielded 0.7707 <= R2p <= 0.8275, 14.4 <= RMSEP <= 16.3 and 2.19 <= RPD <= 2.48; and 0.7788 <= R2p <= 0.8571, 12.4 <= RMSEP <= 16.8 and 2.12 <= RPD <= 2.88, respectively. The CSA-NIRML model delivered an optimal performance for prediction of free fatty acid. The integration of CSA, NIR and MIR was feasible and could improve the prediction accuracy of free fatty acids in rice.