Impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on urolithiasis

Urolithiasis is a common disease with an estimated global prevalence of up to 15% and a recurrence rate of up to 50%. Diabetes mellitus has been implicated as a risk factor for urolithiasis.1 The mechanism underlying the increased risk of urolithiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus may involve high uric acid excretion, impaired ammoniagenesis, and a subsequent decrease in urinary pH levels resulting from insulin resistance. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects.