Long-term oral administration of Asarum heterotropoides f. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. decoction and its aristolochic acid analogs do not cause renal toxicity in mice.

AH has no obvious toxicity to mice and is relatively safe when it is used in the form of decoction. AA-IVa and AL-I, the two major AAs in AH, are not toxic to mice at the dose equivalent to that in the high dose of AH decoction. Considering the limited toxicological data on AH, we recommend that AH decoction medication should not overdose and the duration should not be too long.