Enabling data spaces: existing developments and challenges.

This paper focuses on the concept of data spaces , which can serve as a basis for the future data economy. In data spaces, applicable to various business domains, stakeholders will be able to share data with each other in a controlled way. First, the paper describes the real motivations and needs for enabling data spaces. Second, it highlights the major technical developments in the area of data spaces in the light of open ecosystems and standards. Lastly, it focuses on two key challenges for enabling data spaces: 1) Data interoperability, 2) Data value generation. As a concrete data spaces solution example, this paper proposes the "Green Twin" use case that can be developed as a carbon neutrality solution in the domains of mobility and smart cities.