Rapid Waning of Immune Memory Against SARS-CoV-2 in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients After mRNA Vaccination and Impact of a Booster Dose.

Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are at high risk of both infection by SARS-CoV-2 and death from COVID-19,1 justifying the early prioritization of this vulnerable population for vaccination. It is widely accepted that the protection induced by vaccination against symptomatic COVID-19 , in both the general population2 and immunocompromised patients,3 is due to neutralizing antibodies. Cellular immunity, which is able to limit the risk of severe COVID-19 in the absence of neutralizing antibodies, appears to be a second step of immune protection,.