Current and potential distribution of the endangered endemic lizard liolaemus cuyumhue: implications for conservation

To identify the threats a species is facing, the first step is to locate its populations and their distribution. When other ecological studies are not possible, knowing the distribution of a species and if possible, inferences about its density, can be enough to make informed management decisions for conservation priorities. In addition, with up-to-date knowledge of the geographic distribution, it is possible to carry out analysis of potential distributions through Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM). Here, we address for the first time the study of the distribution of a critically endangered lizard, the Anelo Sand Dunes Lizard (Liolaemus cuyumhue). We surveyed probable habitats of L. cuyumhue, estimated an index of population density in three areas where the species occurs, evaluated the nature of local habitat degradation in these areas, and interpolated its potential distribution. We surveyed 52 locations over the southernmost part of the Bajo de Anelo area and found L. cuyumhue at 16 sites. We also estimated differences in population density indexes among sites (Sites 2 and 1 and Sites 2 and 3), and among these, Site 2 had the highest population density of lizards and was characterized by more sources of disturbance. We confirmed that L. cuyumhue is an obligate endemic characterized by small populations, few occurrence records, and limited suitable habitats. We stress the need for urgent protection of all habitats that support isolated populations of this species.